Navigating the treacherous political economy of structural reform
In setting economic policy, politicians should pay attention to the latest economic data and to when they next need to face voters at the polls
European Union debt to boost European air defence
European Union borrowing could help fund air defence for the continent, while taking pressure off national defence budgets
Research, innovation and data: a fifth freedom in the EU single market?
Research and innovation should be at the top of the EU economic policy agenda, but cannot over-rely on public investment
Elections 2024
Bruegel will provide economic analysis before and after this year's elections within the EU and further afield.
Read moreEurope's economic future
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Rebecca Christie
Senior fellow
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Simone Tagliapietra
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Reinhilde Veugelers
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China research
Bruegel regularly publishes research on China's relationship with the EU and the wider world.
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The US approach diverges from that of the EU, which is building a case for countervailing duties under WTO rules
Three risks that must be addressed for new European Union fiscal rules to succeed
The reform, completed in April 2024, left implementation unaddressed, or at least open to very different potential outcomes
US tariffs on Chinese imports: managed trade is back
A hike in US tariffs is not a return to wholesale protectionism, and the European Union is unlikely to duplicate the US approach
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